Research.
What the published literature reports on the compounds in our catalog — the trial, the number, the source. Every claim is attributed; nothing here is medical advice or a protocol for use in people.
Not sure what to check? Start with the buyer guides.Buyer guides
Premature ejaculationVardenafil with dapoxetine: the combination nobody randomised
Dapoxetine has its own premature-ejaculation file and vardenafil has its own erectile-dysfunction file, and the only human study of the two together is a six-volunteer pharmacokinetic one. The combination is sold everywhere and studied almost nowhere — the honest page is about that gap.
2 November 2026 · 5 min read
Erectile functionSildenafil: the trials in order, and what they actually asked
Twenty-seven randomised trials and 6,659 men, pooled: successful intercourse in 57% of attempts versus 21% on placebo. The 2002 meta-analysis is the most defensible summary of the drug, and the withdrawal arm of a 2000 trial is the most overlooked fact about it.
1 November 2026 · 4 min read
PerformanceTrenbolone acetate, enanthate and hexahydrobenzylcarbonate: what the esters do, and the thinness of the human record
Esterifying a steroid changes how fast it leaves the injection site and how often it has to be given; it does not change which receptor the active form hits. On trenbolone specifically, the published human record is thin and the best human source says so. A 2024 review of adverse effects states that many effects remain unknown and that poly-anabolic-steroid use confounds the literature. The Ames and micronucleus work concluded trenbolone was devoid of genotoxic activity. No head-to-head human pharmacokinetic comparison of the three esters is on this page, because none was found.
31 October 2026 · 4 min read
PharmaTirzepatide versus semaglutide: the head-to-head, and what an observational study adds
SURMOUNT-5 randomised 751 adults with obesity and without type 2 diabetes to maximum tolerated dose tirzepatide or semaglutide for 72 weeks. Least-squares mean weight change was -20.2% (95% CI -21.4 to -19.1) with tirzepatide and -13.7% (95% CI -14.9 to -12.6) with semaglutide, P<0.001; waist circumference -18.4 cm against -13.0 cm. Open-label, sponsored by Eli Lilly, with two published correspondence items.
30 October 2026 · 4 min read
PharmaSildenafil in diabetes: the erectile endpoint that moved, and the glycaemic one that did not
Two randomised trials, two different questions. In 219 men with type 2 diabetes, sildenafil moved the erection questions of the IIEF from 1.86 and 1.84 to 3.42 and 3.35 out of 5, and held that gain whether HbA1c was above or below 8.3%. In 42 people with prediabetes, sildenafil 25 mg three times daily for 3 months improved the clamp insulin-sensitivity index by 1.84 — with a 95% CI from 0.01 to 3.67 and p = 0.049.
29 October 2026 · 4 min read
PharmaTadalafil for lower urinary tract symptoms: the meta-analysis numbers, not the impression
Tadalafil 5 mg once daily is approved for BPH-related lower urinary tract symptoms in a way that surprises people. A 2021 evidence-based analysis of 15 randomised trials gives the pooled effects: total IPSS mean difference -1.97 points against placebo, voiding subscore -1.30, storage subscore -0.70, quality of life -0.29. Those are small numbers on a 0-35 scale, and they are real.
28 October 2026 · 3 min read
Claims we checkedNandrolone and bone: the eight-week DXA result
The best-designed body-composition trial on this shelf is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 16 experienced male bodybuilders on nandrolone decanoate 200 mg per week for 8 weeks. It measured body mass, fat-free mass, water compartments and DXA bone mineral content and density. Muscle mass went up 2.6 kg. Bone mineral content and density did not change at all.
27 October 2026 · 3 min readPharmaSildenafil in pulmonary arterial hypertension: what the SUPER trial measured
In 278 patients with symptomatic pulmonary arterial hypertension, sildenafil three times daily for 12 weeks improved the six-minute walk by a placebo-corrected 45, 46 and 50 metres at 20, 40 and 80 mg. All doses reduced mean pulmonary-artery pressure and improved WHO functional class. The incidence of clinical worsening did not differ from placebo, and the trial was not powered for mortality. Read that list, not the first two lines.
26 October 2026 · 4 min read
HormonalTestosterone and the prostate: the long-term registries
Three registry cohorts followed 1,023 hypogonadal men on testosterone, median five years, and found 11 prostate cancers across two urology settings with none reported at the andrology centre — without a control group. A 2017 systematic review found none of 20 prospective studies linking endogenous testosterone to prostate cancer risk, and two meta-analyses of randomised placebo-controlled trials reported no significant increase. Both authors still call for a study with adequate power.
25 October 2026 · 5 min read
Claims we checkedMethyltrienolone (R1881): the androgen that lives in the lab
R1881 is the synthetic androgen most of the androgen-receptor literature uses as its reference ligand. Its binding constants, its non-aromatisation, its placental binding protein and its effects on cultured granulosa cells are all documented in print. Not one of those records is a human administration trial. This page reports the measured numbers and states plainly what kind of evidence each one is.
24 October 2026 · 5 min read
PharmaClomiphene and the semen-analysis trials: what the randomised record shows
The pooled randomised evidence for clomiphene in men with idiopathic oligozoospermia is weak by design, not by accident. The Cochrane review of ten trials and 738 men found no difference in pregnancy rate when only trials with secure randomisation were used (OR 1.26). The 2007 update of that same review is titled WITHDRAWN. The best-looking single trial tested clomiphene plus vitamin E, not clomiphene.
23 October 2026 · 5 min read
Claims we checkedMethenolone: one 19-patient anaemia trial, one receptor paper
The human treatment record on methenolone cited here is a 1979 trial in 19 consecutive patients with refractory anaemia, where remissions were 3/6 in pancytopenia, 2/4 in bicytopenia, 1/5 in refractory anaemia with hyperplastic marrow and 1/4 in myelofibrosis, with no obvious prolongation of survival and negligible side effects. A 2025 Cell paper identifies methenolone as a ligand for a newly described androgen membrane receptor. The other five records measure the compound in food, in laboratory urine and in a calf.
22 October 2026 · 5 min read
PharmaTadalafil and dapoxetine together: what the two trials measured
Two clinical trials have randomised men to tadalafil 5 mg, dapoxetine 30 mg, or both, and both report the combination scoring better on ejaculatory latency. Neither abstract prints a mean latency in seconds, so the size of the effect cannot be read from them. The rest of the indexed record on this exact two-molecule combination is analytical chemistry: six papers about measuring the pair in tablets, in buccal nanofibres, in honey sachets and in post-mortem blood.
21 October 2026 · 6 min read
Claims we checkedTurinabol: the only controlled human study measures urine, not effects
Dehydrochloromethyltestosterone was administered to five healthy volunteers at 5 mg and followed for 60 days, and the paper's purpose was anti-doping detection: identifying long-term urinary metabolites, one of them detectable 45 days out. This page reads the human record that exists and is clear about the record that does not.
20 October 2026 · 3 min read
Claims we checkedThe sildenafil + dapoxetine combination: what the trials measured, and what they left out
A randomised five-arm trial in 150 men with premature ejaculation put the combination first on latency, satisfaction and the diagnostic tool — but used single-blind design with no placebo blinding across arms. The 2019 open-label study reported latency rising from 22.72 to 68.25 seconds with no comparator at all. This page reads what the evidence actually measured.
19 October 2026 · 4 min read
Claims we checkedPDE5 inhibitors and the heart: 1.25 million person-years
A 2024 meta-analysis of 16 cohorts with 1,257,759 subjects finds major adverse cardiovascular events at RR 0.78 and all-cause mortality at RR 0.70 for PDE5 inhibitor users. The randomised data in the same literature are null or uninterpretable: MACE RR 3.47 with a confidence interval of 0.17 to 69.19 in the diabetic subgroup, and no difference in pulmonary hypertension. This page reads both halves.
18 October 2026 · 5 min read
PharmaVardenafil: effective, and ranked below sildenafil
Vardenafil reliably beats placebo on every domain of the IIEF. It also loses the direct comparisons: pooled IIEF improvement 7.50 points against sildenafil's 9.65, and a number needed to treat of 4.1 against 2.4 in the diabetic subgroup meta-analysis. Its one documented advantage is that it does not produce sildenafil's colour-vision effect.
17 October 2026 · 4 min read
PharmaAvanafil: the fastest-onset PDE5 inhibitor
Avanafil reaches peak plasma concentration in 30 to 45 minutes and its own pooled trials show about two-thirds of attempts made within 15 minutes succeeding. In a 2025 dose-specific network meta-analysis of 83 studies, sildenafil ranked above it (OR 9.06 at 100 mg against avanafil's 3.42 at 200 mg), and only sildenafil survived the threshold analysis. This page reads both.
16 October 2026 · 6 min read
PharmaFour testosterone esters and their curves
The same steroid, four esters, four different curves. Supraphysiological peaks of 71 nmol/L at 24-48 hours from mixed esters, eight weeks of stability from a 1,000 mg undecanoate injection, and a primate study concluding that peak height and aromatisation matter more than total dose.
15 October 2026 · 5 min read
PharmaBoldenone and trenbolone: no human body-composition trial
One of them was developed to put weight on cattle and is detected in beef by transcriptomic screening at 90% accuracy. The other has a rabbit study, a 2024 organ-system review, and no randomised human trial measuring lean mass. This page is about that absence, not around it.
14 October 2026 · 5 min read
PharmaDapoxetine: the measured 1.59-minute difference
A 2014 meta-analysis of six randomised trials in 5,934 men: intravaginal ejaculatory latency time improved by a mean of 1.59 minutes against placebo, with treatment-emergent adverse events in 50.5% against 27.9%. This page reads the pooled numbers, the on-demand pharmacology, and a real-world cohort.
13 October 2026 · 4 min read
PharmaMifepristone: two receptors, and failed indications
Mifepristone blocks the progesterone receptor and the glucocorticoid receptor. It is an approved medicine for early medication abortion and, in one form, for Cushing's syndrome with impaired glucose metabolism. This page reads the trials behind both, and what the numbers actually were.
12 October 2026 · 5 min read
PharmaAnabolic agents and wound healing: what was measured
A Cochrane review of this whole topic found one trial of 212 people, and it was stopped early because the interim analysis saw no benefit.
11 October 2026 · 6 min readPharmaPDE5 inhibitors and exercise: what the trials measured
Sildenafil reliably lowers pulmonary artery pressure in hypoxia and reliably does not improve performance: 14 trials, 210 subjects.
10 October 2026 · 10 min readCabergoline and prolactin: what the trials showed
A 2011 meta-analysis rests on four publications. The two recurrence estimates in PubMed disagree by a factor of thirty.
9 October 2026 · 6 min readAnastrozole: what the studies measured
Almost every bone-density number for anastrozole comes out of one prevention trial. The hormone suppression is measured; the consequence is measured once.
8 October 2026 · 11 min read
PharmaClenbuterol: what the human trials actually measured
Two-week cycles in 11 men added lean mass and no fat mass, while maximal oxygen uptake fell 7%. The fat-burning claim is untested in humans.
7 October 2026 · 5 min read
PharmahCG alone: what the studies actually measured
hCG alone has been measured in two populations, and neither is a trial in healthy men. Sperm production held present but not normal.
6 October 2026 · 7 min readOncologyAnastrozole vs exemestane: two evidence worlds
One drug is measured in sperm counts and the other in tumour response. The single head-to-head is in one disease, and its authors call it inconclusive.
5 October 2026 · 7 min read
PharmaSildenafil vs tadalafil: the pharmacokinetics that decide it
No trial has compared the two head to head. Tadalafil's dossier prints a 17.5-hour half-life; sildenafil's prints a 45 percent fall in peak level.
4 October 2026 · 7 min readOstarine vs ligandrol: what the trials actually compare
Two compounds, one trial each, no head-to-head in people. Here is what each study measured, how many people were in it, and what pooling them adds up to.
3 October 2026 · 8 min readPharmaTadalafil 5 mg once daily: the approval trials, read straight
Four multinational randomised studies put tadalafil 5 mg once daily into 752 men with urinary symptoms against 746 on placebo, for 12 weeks. The symptom score moved 2.3 points against placebo. Flow rate barely moved, and in men 75 and over the effect was not statistically significant. The papers, including the ones that qualify the claim.
2 October 2026 · 4 min readHormonalHCG alone or HCG plus FSH? What the studies measured
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is one of the few treatable causes of male infertility, and the protocol question is old: HCG by itself, or HCG with FSH from the start. A 2025 meta-analysis of 41 studies gives the clearest answer yet.
1 October 2026 · 3 min readHormonalClomiphene: approved for ovulation, studied in men
The label is narrow: ovulatory dysfunction in women desiring pregnancy, with visual and ovarian warnings attached. The male literature is real but off-label: one placebo-controlled trial in 78 men and two phase III enclomiphene studies, measuring hormones and sperm, not outcomes the label ever claimed.
30 September 2026 · 3 min read
HormonalCJC-1295: the human numbers belong to the long-acting form
One trial in healthy adults, one clear result: a week of raised GH and IGF-I from a single injection. The catch is chemical. The tested molecule carried an albumin-binding add-on, and a preparation without it is a different pharmacokinetic story.
29 September 2026 · 2 min readHormonalKisspeptin and the HPG axis: the signal that starts the cascade
Puberty, fertility, testosterone: all of it waits on one hypothalamic switch. Genetics found the switch in 2003, infusion studies confirmed what it does in people, and the rest is still open research.
28 September 2026 · 2 min readPharmaOxandrolone: the approved uses and the boxed warnings
Approved in 1964 for weight regain, studied in burns, Turner syndrome and HIV wasting — and carrying liver warnings and Schedule III status ever since. The label, read straight.
28 September 2026 · 1 min read
RepairTB-500 (thymosin beta-4 fragment) in cardiac repair models
After a heart attack, mammalian heart muscle barely regenerates. A line of preclinical work asks whether a thymosin beta-4 peptide can change that equation in animals. Here is what the reviews report, and where the line stops.
28 September 2026 · 2 min read